Say the word “software” and tech giants like Google, Microsoft, and Facebook come to mind. Software powers the millions of mobile apps that enable everything from car sharing to dating. Software is behind the portfolio of services that IT companies offer businesses to help them manage data, optimize security, and facilitate communication. The US still dominates in “dot com,” but China is making serious moves with three companies in the global list of the 10 biggest companies by revenue.
It is becoming clearer, however, that software plays a growing role in areas that, on the surface, seem far removed from the “dot com” world. Software is now fundamental to automotive, durables, and utilities, and many of the titans of these industries are in Europe. In machinery and plant engineering, 67 percent of companies offer digital services to complement their hardware products. Apple is a software icon, but there are more lines of code in today’s car than in a MacBook. Software’s increasing importance in other industries makes its development a growing field in Europe, but unlike in the US, these developers are working largely in non-IT industries.
Software’s challenges in Europe
Europe is poised to becoming a bigger software contender, but there are challenges. Two deficits, in particular, stand between the region and its full software potential.
Talent shortage. Throughout Europe, the spaces for innovation exist, but there is a shortage of talent. Looking at Germany alone, over half of the companies that apply software solutions report challenges in finding qualified employees for the 41,000 open positions that require a computer science background. These jobs cut across IT and other industries. Even with the number of computer science specialists that come to Europe from other parts of the world, the region still doesn’t develop enough talent to fill its companies’ open software positions. Developing talent is not Europe’s only human resources challenge; retention is another. A 2015 survey of engineering and computer science students in Europe, conducted by the German business magazine Wirtschaftswoche, indicated a preference to apply their skills to US over European companies. The demand for software talent in Europe is expected to grow significantly over the next five years, and the current trajectory will only lead to a bigger gap.
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Weak strategy. As the importance of software in traditional hardware industries grows, businesses must adopt a robust strategy. Many companies in Europe, however, have yet to define an appropriate enterprise-wide software strategy. Companies can find software success by exploring new business models to leverage their positions as successful hardware-focused businesses. This could mean monetizing the software offering that complements their core offerings instead of giving it away. But, many resist the types of changes to their business models that would facilitate these gains.
Talent strategy
The challenges that software faces in Europe are real, but companies can address them and position themselves to succeed. On the matter of the talent shortage, companies can take action to attract and retain the limited number of computer science specialists on the European market.
The first step here is developing an understanding of exactly why top software talent is drawn to a company and why they stay or leave. McKinsey’s work in the area of recruiting and retaining top tech talent has identified four broad elements driving satisfaction and retention: Employees want to know that the job itself offers some degree of security and the possibility of professional development; compensation needs to be competitive; the organization needs to be respected in its industry; and employees want evidence they will have positive and productive relationships with their superiors (exhibit).
Europe’s manufacturing success stories have obvious solid track records. Yet our observations suggest revisiting some of these areas and adjusting them to the new world of software supports talent recruitment and retention. Specifically, many companies are discovering that a dynamic, nontraditional workplace is what draws software talent to companies. This includes a focus on leading-edge content, work spaces that facilitate collaboration and creativity, and a culture that encourages flexibility and self-direction.
Given this knowledge, automotive and engineering companies are making serious changes. BMW, for example, has set up Car IT as a separate unit.1 With a separate building, open office space, and start-up atmosphere, software professionals working for BMW Car IT benefit from a dynamic workplace that seems far removed from the traditional “production line” feel of an OEM. General Electric provides another example of cultivating a tech start-up environment within a historically industrial company. GE created its software center in 2012 in Silicon Valley. Its work in the areas of real-time analytics and artificial intelligence make working for GE just as appealing to software engineers as working for Microsoft.
Creating organizational, technological, and interior workplace designs that support creativity, innovation, and excitement are other ways that companies in industries like automotive and manufacturing can attract and retain talent that might otherwise be lost to tech start-ups.
Governments facilitating success
While companies can certainly take action to improve their positions relative to each other, it will take more than that to improve the prospects of the region as a whole. Europe’s shortage of computer science talent is projected to grow, but governments can work to narrow the gap by considering legislation in three areas.
Fund education. Research indicates that financial issues are the reason that 20 percent of post-secondary dropouts in Germany left their programs without a degree. Direct student support—particularly in software-development-related areas—is an area ripe for government intervention. Governments can also look to the current workforce as a potential source of software development talent. Professional development initiatives to train and up-/cross-skill employees already exist but not at significant scale. European governments could be instrumental in supporting university-enterprise partnerships that simultaneously create a strong workforce and supply businesses with software development talent.
The reality of growth in the software industry
Support equal opportunity. There is significant variance across Europe in the percentage of working-age women who are employed full time. In Greece, the number is as high as 90 percent. In Germany (which is at the center of the software-in-hardware opportunity), the share is only 55 percent, and it is only 24 percent in the Netherlands. Governments can increase gender parity in the workforce by giving families options for child and family care that shift the burden off of women and give them increased opportunity to participate more fully in the workforce.
Welcome talent from abroad. More talent leaving a region than entering creates a talent deficit. As described above, companies can work to make non-IT software development an attractive option, but it will take government action to facilitate attracting that talent from beyond Europe’s borders. The international pool of talented computer science professionals is 19 million and growing. Better labor market instruments can attract a bigger share of that pool to Europe.
Software is often thought of as the domain of tech start-ups and their various apps and social media platforms. But, software is also a growing part of machinery, automotive, and plant engineering. By several metrics, Europe is the hub of these industries, and companies in Europe could be on the verge of being as competitive in the software development arena as they are in hardware. A focused strategy with the commitment of private companies and European governments can help the region take the global software pole position.
